Research library
The research library
Every primary source behind a claim on this site, tier-graded for provenance and tagged for the strength of the evidence it carries.
- Sources indexed
- 221
- Peptides covered
- 44
- Tier 1 share
- 30%
- Matching filter
- 10
F·Filter
Reset allT1·Peer-primary literature
Randomized trials, peer-reviewed primary studies, and meta-analyses — the load-bearing layer of the corpus.
3 sources
- 2026Meta-analysismoderate
Effect of Incretin-Based and Nonpharmacologic Weight Loss on Body Composition: A Systematic Review
Batsis JA, Gavras A, Gross DC, +3 · Annals of Internal Medicine
Annals of Internal Medicine systematic review of 36 randomised controlled trials of liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, and dulaglutide in adults with obesity, evaluating fat mass, fat-free mass, lean soft tissue, and visceral adiposity outcomes against prespecified benchmarks — the most rigorous synthesis to date of the lean-mass concern that has dominated public discourse about incretin therapy.
- 2026Meta-analysismoderaten=1,593,554
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Dhivagaran T, Butt F, Arunasalam L, +3 · Neurology
Across 1,593,554 patients in a Neurology-published meta-analysis (682,456 semaglutide users vs 911,098 non-GLP-1RA users), semaglutide use was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (RR 2.52; 95% CrI 1.56–4.72), with the strongest signal in patients with diabetes (RR 2.41; 95% CrI 1.57–4.10) — the strongest meta-analytic confirmation to date that the NAION safety signal is real.
- 2010Meta-analysisstrongn=806
Effects of tesamorelin (TH9507), a growth hormone-releasing factor analog, in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with excess abdominal fat: a pooled analysis of two multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 3 trials with safety extension data
Falutz J, Mamputu JC, Potvin D, +6 · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pooled across two phase 3 trials in 806 ART-treated HIV patients with abdominal fat accumulation, tesamorelin reduced visceral adipose tissue and maintained the reduction for 52 weeks while preserving subcutaneous fat — the extended-evidence companion to the 2007 NEJM pivotal.
T2·Peer-secondary literature
Peer-reviewed reviews and cohort/observational work — context, not bedrock.
6 sources
- 2026Meta-analysismoderaten=25,847
Tirzepatide Beyond Diabetes and Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multisystem Therapeutic Benefits
Eisa N, Barood O · Endocrine Practice
A 17-RCT, 25,847-patient meta-analysis pooling tirzepatide's multi-organ outcomes: cardiovascular non-inferiority versus dulaglutide (HR 0.92), 38% reduction in HFpEF death-or-HF-event (HR 0.62), MASH resolution in 62% (RR 5.33), 21.9-event/hour drop in apnea-hypopnea index, 5.8 mm Hg SBP reduction, +1.5 mL/min/year eGFR preservation, and 32.9% hsCRP reduction.
- 2023Meta-analysisstrongn=1,773
Cerebrolysin for acute ischaemic stroke
Ziganshina LE, Abakumova T, Nurkhametova D, +1 · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
The 2023 Cochrane review pooled seven trials and 1,773 participants and concluded with moderate-certainty evidence that Cerebrolysin probably has little to no effect on all-cause death after acute ischemic stroke — the load-bearing skeptical reading of the trial body.
- 2022Meta-analysismoderaten=135,874
Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and incidence of dementia: Data from pooled double-blind randomized controlled trials and nationwide disease and prescription registers
Nørgaard CH, Friedrich S, Hansen CT, +9 · Alzheimer's & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions
Pooled cardiovascular-outcome trials (n=15,820) reported dementia HR 0.47 (95% CI 0.25–0.86) with GLP-1 RA randomization; the parallel Danish nationwide registry of 120,054 patients returned HR 0.89 per year of GLP-1 RA exposure — the load-bearing observational signal that motivated the EVOKE and ELAD interventional programs.
- 2019Meta-analysisstrong
The prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults, an exploration of differences between studies and within definitions: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Mayhew AJ, Amog K, Phillips S, +5 · Age and Ageing
Across 109 articles, 58 cohorts, and 26 countries, sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 9.9% to 40.4% depending on the diagnostic definition applied — a four-fold spread driven by methodology rather than biology.
- 2018Meta-analysismoderaten=1,879
Safety and efficacy of Cerebrolysin in early post-stroke recovery: a meta-analysis of nine randomized clinical trials
Bornstein NM, Guekht A, Vester J, +7 · Neurological Sciences
Bornstein 2018 is the manufacturer-aligned meta-analysis that pooled nine Cerebrolysin RCTs across 1,879 patients on the primary NIHSS analysis and reported superiority on NIHSS at day 30 — the positive synthesis the Cochrane review reads more skeptically.
- 1995Meta-analysisstrong
The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the treatment of obesity by means of the Simeons therapy: a criteria-based meta-analysis
Lijesen GK, Theeuwen I, Assendelft WJ, +1 · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
A criteria-based meta-analysis of 24 HCG-for-obesity trials found that 11 of the 12 methodologically adequate studies reported no effect of HCG on weight loss, fat redistribution, hunger, or sense of well-being — the load-bearing negative result behind the modern medical consensus that the Simeons HCG diet does not work.
T3·Expert-primary work
Domain-expert primary sources outside the journal pipeline — lectures, podcasts, position papers.
1 source
- 2026Meta-analysismoderaten=63,909
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for obesity in adults: 2026 Update
Ciudin Mihai A, Baker JL, Belancic A, +3 · medRxiv (preprint)
A network meta-analysis pooling 66 RCTs and 63,909 patients across six obesity management medication classes finds tirzepatide and semaglutide as the only compounds exceeding 10% total body weight loss, with semaglutide reducing MACE and all-cause mortality, both incretins benefiting heart-failure outcomes and MASH remission, tirzepatide improving obstructive sleep apnoea, semaglutide improving knee osteoarthritis pain remission and liver fibrosis — and no OMM associated with increased serious adverse events.