Research library
The research library
Every primary source behind a claim on this site, tier-graded for provenance and tagged for the strength of the evidence it carries.
- Sources indexed
- 221
- Peptides covered
- 44
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Reset allT3·Expert-primary work
Domain-expert primary sources outside the journal pipeline — lectures, podcasts, position papers.
11 sources
- 2026Mechanisticsuggestive
The GHK-Cu delays aging in Caenorhabditis elegans via coordinated regulation of mitochondrial function and activation of DAF-16/SKN-1 pathways
Wen H, Zhao K, Luo X, +3 · Biogerontology
The first mechanistic model-organism study to show GHK-Cu extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan via DAF-16 and SKN-1 activation coupled with restoration of mitochondrial fusion dynamics — a translational bridge between GHK-Cu's well-documented dermatological signal and the broader geroprotective hypothesis.
- 2026Cohortsuggestiven=72
The Association Between Serum MOTS-c Levels and Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Peng L, Li Y, Duan X, +3 · Biomedicines
In 72 acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing PCI, postoperative peripheral serum MOTS-c levels were significantly lower in the 34 patients who developed myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury versus the 38 who did not, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.986 (95% CI 0.976-0.996) — the first human clinical-cohort biomarker data linking endogenous MOTS-c to acute cardiac injury.
- 2026Mechanisticsuggestive
IL-15 Plus Thymosin α1 Reduces Senescent Hepatic CD8(+) T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via PI3K/AKT Suppression
Wu F, Guo Z, Guan J, +3 · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
In aged-mouse orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma, IL-15 plus Thymosin α1 combination therapy suppressed tumor growth, prolonged survival, and reversed CD8+ T cell senescence by attenuating PI3K/AKT signalling — the first mechanistic study to combine Thymosin α1's thymic-rejuvenation effect with IL-15-driven peripheral CD8+ T cell rescue in age-related cancer.
- 2026Cohortsuggestiven=63,215
Legacy neuropsychiatric benefit after semaglutide is linked to maximum achieved dose and independent of the maximum weight lost
Murugadoss K, Venkatakrishnan A, Soundararajan V · medRxiv (preprint)
From 489,785 semaglutide-treated adults in a federated EHR network, 63,215 patients with baseline neuropsychiatric conditions showed broadly lower 2-year neuropsychiatric event risk versus propensity-matched metformin, SGLT2i and DPP-4i users; higher attained pre-landmark dose was independently associated with lower post-landmark incidence of substance-related, mood, anxiety, CNS-atrophy, neuromuscular, eating/sleep/behavioral and personality/impulse-control disorders — effects that were weight-loss-independent for most outcomes, with confirmed CNS GLP1R expression in hypothalamus, caudate, putamen, NAcc and cerebellum supporting a direct CNS engagement model.
- 2026Mechanisticsuggestive
Liraglutide alleviates postoperative cognitive impairment via NRF2/NLRP3 signal pathway in aged mice
Sun H, Cheng X, Lei D, +3 · Neuroscience Letters
In aged mice undergoing laparotomy plus transient mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion under sevoflurane, 14 days of liraglutide (300 μg/kg/day) restored Y-maze and fear-conditioning performance, shifted microglia toward an M2 phenotype, preserved synaptic proteins, and activated GLP-1R/NRF2 signalling while suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome — with microglial-depletion experiments showing the mechanism is microglia-dependent.
- 2026Reviewsuggestive
Should Bremelanotide Be Considered for the Treatment of Sexual Arousal and Desire Disorders in Men?
Pfaus JG, Balon R · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
James Pfaus — the bench scientist whose preclinical female-rat solicitation work anchored bremelanotide's FDA approval for HSDD in premenopausal women — argues with Robert Balon in JCP that the male-population evidence has matured enough to justify clinical consideration of bremelanotide for male hypoactive sexual desire disorder, despite the drug's current female-only label.
- 2026Mechanisticsuggestive
Elamipretide (SS-31) promotes recovery by preserving mitochondrial bioenergetics and neural remodeling after spinal cord injury
Song Z, Ban Z, Zhao H, +1 · Neurochemistry International
In a mouse thoracic contusion model of spinal cord injury, the mitochondria-targeting peptide elamipretide (SS-31) improved locomotor recovery and gait performance, reduced lesion pathology, attenuated early apoptotic signaling (lower cleaved caspase-3 / Bax, higher Bcl-2), diminished chronic-stage astrogliosis, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential plus oxidative-phosphorylation protein integrity in oxidatively stressed PC12 cells.
- 2026Cohortsuggestiven=489,785
Semaglutide is associated with stiffness improvement and broad liver benefits with distinct dose- and weight-linked patterns
Soundararajan V, Venkatakrishnan AJ, Murugadoss K, +3 · medRxiv (preprint)
In a de-identified federated EHR network of 489,785 semaglutide-treated adults plus a paired elastography substudy of 326 patients, median liver stiffness fell from 4.85 to 3.9 kPa (−0.38 kPa, p<0.001); 40.8% achieved ≥20% reduction and 80% of those with cirrhosis-range baseline (≥12.5 kPa) hit that threshold — with stiffness improvement appearing in patients with no weight loss as often as in those with ≥10% weight loss, and hepatic GLP1R expression at only 0.0239% suggesting a largely non-direct mechanism.
- 2020Mechanisticsuggestive
Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Shortens Duration of Tetracaine- and Oxybuprocaine-Induced Corneal Anesthesia in Rats
Mirkovic I, Kralj T, Lozic M, +13 · Acta Clinica Croatica
BPC 157 eye drops fully reversed tetracaine- and oxybuprocaine-induced corneal anesthesia in rats and counteracted the lesions and tear-volume drop that the topical anesthetics caused — a Sikiric-group ocular paper published bilingually in a Croatian medical journal.
- 2015Mechanisticsuggestive
Epigenetic mechanisms of peptidergic regulation of gene expression during aging of human cells
Ashapkin VV, Linkova NS, Khavinson VKh, +1 · Biochemistry (Moscow)
The Khavinson program's 2015 epigenetic-mechanism paper for the KEDW tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp, Pancragen): DNA methylation patterns in aging pancreatic and bronchial cell cultures shift on selected promoters, and KEDW + AEDL are reported to modulate gene expression with tissue specificity — the closest the program has come to a published epigenetic mechanism for its short peptides.
- 2013Reviewsuggestive
Mechanism of biological activity of short peptides: cell penetration and epigenetic regulation of gene expression
Khavinson VKh, Solov'ev AYu, Tarnovskaya SI, +1 · Biology Bulletin Reviews
The Khavinson program's 2013 mechanism review — its published argument for how a dipeptide or tetrapeptide could cross the cell membrane, cross the nuclear envelope, and reach a specific promoter motif on DNA. The cell-penetration half of the story the companion 2013 Bull Exp Biol Med modeling paper leaves on the table.